392 years ago today, Saint Josaphat, an Eastern Catholic bishop in Ukraine, was dragged out of his rectory and murdered by the Eastern Orthodox townspeople that he was trying to lead back into union with the Roman Catholic Church. The Church does not hesitate, in her prayers, to say that he poured out his blood like Christ. He died for the principle that it matters whether we Christians are Catholics. My question for you today is did he die in vain?
After all, I frequently hear that it doesn’t matter whether or not someone is Catholic, as long as they’re Christian. They’ve got better music down the block, or you like the preaching better. Catholicism becomes just one denomination, just one option. Or perhaps we’ll go further and say that the Church itself doesn’t matter: all that matters is having a “personal relationship with Jesus Christ.” That personal relationship is obviously vital, but Cardinal Dolan has pointed out the folly of trying to have the Good Shepherd without the flock, trying to have the King of Kings without His Kingdom, trying to have the Head without the Body of Christ. So to answer my initial question, I ask you to consider four more questions:
The first question: Did Jesus intend to inaugurate the Kingdom of God on earth? Yes.
The very first words out of Jesus’ mouth in St. Mark’s Gospel are “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent, and believe in the gospel” (Mk. 1:15). And we hear that again in today’s Gospel, when Jesus says that, although it has not yet arrived fully, the Kingdom of God is among us.
The second question: Did Jesus establish this Kingdom in His Church? Yes.
In the famous passage of Matthew 16:18-19, Jesus says to Peter, “you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the powers of death shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.” Note, He doesn’t say He’s giving the keys to the Kingdom to everyone, to all believers. Instead, Christ explicitly gives the keys to the Kingdom to St. Peter, the head of the Church, using the singular “you.”
The third question: Did Christ set an earthly leader over His Church? Yes.
We’ve already heard this, in the Matthew 16 passage I just mentioned. But we see it in other places as well. We see it in Luke 22, at the Last Supper, when Jesus entrusts the care of the laity to the Apostles, and then entrusts the care of the Apostles to St. Peter, telling him, “strengthen your brethren.” We see it in John 21, in which Jesus tells Peter, and Peter alone, to tend His lambs and to feed His sheep. And we see it throughout the Book of Acts, in which Peter speaks on behalf of the entire Church.
The final question: Did Christ entrust this Church with authority and with the fullness of truth? Yes and yes.
At the Last Supper, Jesus makes two important promises. First, He promises that the Holy Spirit, who He calls the Spirit of Truth, “will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you” (John 14:26). And a little later one, He says that “When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth” (John 16:13). So the Church has the fullness of faith, not because of human intelligence, but because of the protection of the Holy Spirit. Second, Christ promises that the Spirit of Truth will be with the Church “forever” (John 14:16).
So where do we stand? Do we think the Church is dispensable? That it no longer has the protection of the Holy Spirit, or no longer has the fullness of truth? That Christ’s Church no longer has an earthly head? In short, do we think that St. Josaphat died in vain?
Four points 🙂
“The second question: Did Jesus establish this Kingdom in His Church? Yes.”
Where in the Bible says it is Rome, that Peter went there…or how about the church fathers that applied Matthew 16:18-19 to the Bishoprics of other locales?
“The third question: Did Christ set an earthly leader over His Church? Yes.”
I’d bend with this. However, where in the Bible does it say Peter has successors vested with his authority?
“The final question: Did Christ entrust this Church with authority and with the fullness of truth? Yes and yes.”
“But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I said to you” (John 14:26).
The Holy Spirit does not give the “successors” of anyone new revelation or authority. The Holy Spirit teaches “you” (i.e. specifically the Apostles) “all things” specifically the “remembrance [of] all that I said to you.”
The Holy Spirit does not vest a body of men who weren’t there to remember anything Jesus had said, to authoritatively interpret doctrines and come up with new ones (i.e. satisfaction view of atonement–not Biblical, nor traditional.)
The Scripture is the only thing that we have today that actually comes from the Apostles in which Jesus promised that the Holy Spirit would bring in remembrance all that He taught. Ironically, the Scripture also describes itself as “God breathed” and can “equip the man of God for every good work” (2 Tim 3:16-17). I am unaware of any body of men or their writings that meets this standard.
God bless,
Craig
Where in the Bible says it is Rome, that Peter went there?
1 Peter 5:13, in which Peter writes from “Babylon,” the early Christian term for Rome. Some Evangelicals today claim that he literally meant Babylon, but this theory is ridiculous. There was no early Christian community in Babylon yet, and the universal witness of the early Christians is that Peter was in Rome and that this is what he means by “Babylon.” Ignatius of Antioch, writing to the Romans c. 107 A.D., mentions that Peter and Paul had commanded them.
More to the point, there doesn’t have to be a Biblical proof-text for every step in Apostolic succession. We don’t need a verse saying that after John Paul II came Benedict XVI and then Francis, etc. That’s getting the burden of proof backwards.
In this post, I’ve tried to briefly show that (1) Jesus Christ came announcing the Kingdom of God (and that this is critical for the Gospel); (2) that He gives the Keys to the Kingdom to the visible Church that He creates; (3) that He entrusts leadership of this visible Church to one man; and (4) that He promised to send the Holy Spirit to preserve this Church in the fullness of truth forever.
If I prove those things, that’s at least a prima facie case for the Catholic Church. If you want to say that Christ created this structure but wanted to get rid of it within a single generation, you’re free to make that argument, but it needs some sort of evidence. It would be bizarre to admit that Christ established the Church like a monarchy, and then assume that He intended it to devolve into a democracy (or anarchy).
I call this the “Protestantism until proven otherwise” approach to evidence. It’s the idea that if the evidence is absent or inconclusive, this means that the Protestant position must be right, even if all of the available evidence points in the opposite direction. It operates more as an assumption than a conscious position, but it’s worth identifying and combatting.
After all, if Christ wanted a Church run by a team of equals, why didn’t He set up the Church (or anything prefiguring the Church in the Old Testament) that way? If Christ didn’t want a priesthood, why set up a structure that seems to fulfill the OT priesthood structure, and which convinced all of the early Christians that there was a priesthood in the early Church?
It’s just not a reasonable burden to say, “you didn’t prove this post-Apostolic event from sola Scriptura” and assume that this means that Catholicism is false or Protestantism is tenable. Scripture shows the Church being set up and sent off in a certain direction. Later history shows the Church continuing in that direction. If you want to argue that the Church instead was meant to go a different direction, that burden falls on you.
I’m typing on my phone so I am limited on what I can say. I am taking issue with you teaching what are ultimately extra-biblical teachings as if they were biblical. It is misleading. It is important to teach that “this is tradition in light of that tradition we understand this verse as so…” Hence, to tale a verse out of Matthew and say it is a bygone conclusion that Peter and his successors were entrusted with leading Christianity forever based squarely on tue biblical evidence is misleading ay best.
Craig
I don’t follow this reasoning. There are verses teaching that Peter was entrusted with the keys of the kingdom. The power to bind and loose. The Holy Spirit is breathed into the apostles and they are given the power to forgive sins. Jesus promises that the Holy Spirit will guide them into all truth. We see apostolic succession when Matthias is ordained in acts. We see St Paul instructing St Timothy on succession and the bishopric. We know the gates of hell will not prevail against His church. We know St Paul commands us to hold fast to the traditions whether by word or letter. And more and more. And your response is that we shouldn’t use those verses in the bible to teach what the verses teach? That Christ established an ordered church? We all know what the pillar and foundation of truth is….
You say you are unaware of any body of men that meet the “God breathed” and equip man for every good work criteria. That body is the Catholic Church. It’s the same body that determined the actual composition of the bible that you have so much confidence in hundreds of years after the original apostles had died. And ironically everything that gives you confidence in the bible was done to the apostles. They are God breathed, they have the Holy Spirit guiding them into all truth. Scripture is not the only thing we have today from the apostles. Where did Matthias’ ordination come from? The apostles. What about the bishops St Paul talks to Timothy about? That succession continued.
Furthermore you say that the Holy Spirit doesn’t give men the power to come up with their own doctrines. Especially men that weren’t there. Amen….
Good hearing your input as always!
God bless you and yours.
“… (3) that He entrusts leadership of this visible Church to one man…”
It is here that I take issue with your post, and I don’t think this conclusion follows from what you have presented.
We both agree that Peter is the Prince of the Apostles and that this makes him their leader in some sense, but it does not necessarily follow that the hierarchy of the church is required to resemble this initial apostolic model for all time.
Two things to consider:
1. If the Church began with one leader but slowly transitioned to a collegial model, this in itself would not undermine the Church or its authority. In order to demonstrate otherwise it is necessary not only to demonstrate that the Church began with a single head, but is bound to always have a single head.
2. Certain fathers saw all bishops as successors of Peter, and thus according to this view the Chair of Peter would be an office occupied by the bishop in each respective diocese, not merely by the Bishop of Rome.
Isaac,
Thanks for jumping in! You write:
We both agree that Peter is the Prince of the Apostles and that this makes him their leader in some sense, but it does not necessarily follow that the hierarchy of the church is required to resemble this initial apostolic model for all time.
Briefly, I’d point you to my responses to Craig. If you’re going to say that the Apostolic model of Christ can change and in fact did change, it seems that the burden of proof is on you, just as it would be on you to prove that anything else taught or established by Christ or the Apostles is now nullified.
I would also point out that the early Christians (e.g., 1 Clement 42 and the writings of Ignatius) clearly believe that the basic structure of the Church was divinely instituted in a way that reflected a divine reality and which wasn’t in their power to change. So a theory that they “slowly transitioned” from a leader model to a collegial model (and then, apparently back to a leader model) is both unfounded in the historical data and contrary to the witness of the earliest Christians.
Would you be okay with me taking this question as a prompt for a fuller treatment in a blog post?
In Christ,
Joe
“Briefly, I’d point you to my responses to Craig. If you’re going to say that the Apostolic model of Christ can change and in fact did change, it seems that the burden of proof is on you, just as it would be on you to prove that anything else taught or established by Christ or the Apostles is now nullified.”
Right. My goal was not to make a positive claim, but merely to offer a critique of the argument you presented.
I will say, though, that a church without a universal head would only be a deviation from the original, apostolic church if it is clearly established that Peter was the universal head of the Church and that Christ intended for Peter to have a single successor.
I think it is quite the stretch to claim that Ignatius and the author of 1 Clement held the modern Roman Catholic view of Papal universality, or that 1 Clement 42 is representative of what the Church universal held as doctrine during the late 1st-eary 2nd century CE.
If you haven’t read it already, W. Moriarty’s “1 Clement’s View of Ministerial Appointments in the Early Church” does a superb job of demonstrating how exatly the author of the letter saw his own authority. Here is the abstract:
“The document known as the First Epistle of Clement, probably written towards the end of the first century, provides some of the scant available documentary evidence about the early development of the Christian ministry. It contains an outline history of the passing down of authority, but the relevant part of the Greek text has ambiguities which have led various scholars to propose five broadly different views, or interpretations, of Clement’s intended meaning. These were examined in relation to Clement’s purpose, an approach which relied primarily on evidence internal to the epistle, and had not been considered in detail before. Only one of the five views was found to make Clement’s argument reasonably consistent with his aims, and this view also made his lack of clarity understandable. Thus Clement’s intended message in the ambiguous section was that the first local church leaders were appointed by the apostles, and when some of these local leaders died, replacement appointments were made by people who had been given the authority to do so from outside the local church.”
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/261977072_1_Clement's_View_of_Ministerial_Appointments_in_the_Early_Church [accessed Nov 13, 2015].
Feel free to use this subject matter as a prompt for a future blog post.
how about the church fathers that applied Matthew 16:18-19 to the Bishoprics of other locales?
St. John Chrysostom, the greatest Father of the East, explained: “But if it be asked, How then did James assume the see of Jerusalem? I answer, that our Lord enthroned Peter, not as Bishop of this see, but as Doctor of the whole world.”
The whole “Pentarchy” of juridical authority is rooted in papal authority: Jerusalem, Antioch, and Rome are the Sees that Peter led and preached in; Antioch was founded by Peter’s disciple Mark; and Constantinople eventually gets introduced by emphasizing its connection to Rome. So it’s not wrong to see all of the Apostolic Sees as tied to the one Apostolic See. But it’s significant that in all of the writings of the early Church Fathers, there’s only a single Church known as the Apostolic See.
I’d bend with this. However, where in the Bible does it say Peter has successors vested with his authority?
This seems like more of “Protestant unless proven otherwise” methodology, but the short answer is Acts 1:15-26 (the replacement of Judas with Matthias), 2 Timothy 2:1-2 (Paul instructs Timothy to entrust his ministry to successors); Titus 1:5 (Paul tells Titus to appoint presbyters), etc. All of the New Testament evidence points to the fact that leadership in the visible Church, although originating in the Apostles, is to continue through their successors.
This same fact is confirmed by the earliest extrabiblical data, including things like 1 Clement, in which the Roman Pontiff intervenes in the internal affairs of the Corinthian church (at their request!) while the Apostle John is still alive.
And again: if this wasn’t the structure Christ wanted, why did He create it?
How about Cyprians reading of that same verse?
second, clement spoke of himself as a we and said Corinth had a plurality of elders leading it. Ignatius in his epistle to Rome fails to mention a single leader of the church. So I agree the apostles intended to appoint a plurality of leaders, just as God intended for a levitical priesthood in Israelite times. However, the idea that the new testament church was to institutionally remain the same is out of step with not only the Israelite experience where God replaced His priests but also the new testament where Paul warned the ephesians that from their own number will come problem children. So, just as the true Israel had to fight for the church among the nominal Israelites, it seems to me the model that the church would likewise encounter this problem.
“second, clement spoke of himself as a we and said Corinth had a plurality of elders leading it.”
No, he didn’t.
“Ignatius in his epistle to Rome fails to mention a single leader of the church. “
This is a bad argument from silence that I’ve addressed elsewhere. Ignatius mentions the mono-episcopacy twice in his letters to the Romans, as well as in every one of his letters to the churches of Asia.
“So, just as the true Israel had to fight for the church among the nominal Israelites, it seems to me the model that the church would likewise encounter this problem.”
Can you clarify your meaning here? I think we might agree, so long as I’mu understanding you properly to mean that: (i) there is some degree of flexibility with which the Church can respond to the various needs of the time and place, and (ii) there are unorthodox challenges to the Apostolic structure of the Church, and that this structure must be defended.
I.X.,
Joe
The Holy Spirit does not give the “successors” of anyone new revelation or authority. The Holy Spirit teaches “you” (i.e. specifically the Apostles) “all things” specifically the “remembrance [of] all that I said to you.”
The Holy Spirit does not vest a body of men who weren’t there to remember anything Jesus had said, to authoritatively interpret doctrines and come up with new ones (i.e. satisfaction view of atonement–not Biblical, nor traditional.)
You’re making three claims: that the successors of Peter can’t (1) remember anything Jesus said not otherwise recorded; (2) authoritatively interpret doctrines; or (3) invent new doctrines. [I’m ignoring the substitutionary atonement claim, because it’s wrong but complicated in a way likely to just be distracting.]. Of these, (1) and (3) are obviously true, and the Church has repeatedly emphasized as much (see, e.g., Dei Verbum 10).
But (2) is false. What would be the point of sending the Spirit of Truth forever if He stopped being able to resolve conflicts after one generation?
Again, why create the sort of Church Christ creates and then have it become a radically different Protestant Church one generation later? And if He was going to do that, why didn’t He tell anyone or give us a single clue that this would happen?
The Scripture is the only thing that we have today that actually comes from the Apostles in which Jesus promised that the Holy Spirit would bring in remembrance all that He taught. Ironically, the Scripture also describes itself as “God breathed” and can “equip the man of God for every good work” (2 Tim 3:16-17). I am unaware of any body of men or their writings that meets this standard.
The Scriptures aren’t, though: we also have the Church. In fact, it was the leadership of this Church which wrote the New Testament, generally to other members of the Church. In fact, we’re promised that we’ll never be in a situation in which “the Scripture is the only thing that we have today that actually comes from the Apostles.”
Here again: why would Jesus establish 12 Apostles if He really just Evangelists? Remember that at least 6 of the 12 never write a word of Scripture, and that about half of the New Testament Books are written by people (like Paul, Mark, and Luke) who weren’t Apostles. The chief contribution of the Apostles is the establishment, in a concrete form, of the Church created by Christ. The chief contribution of the Evangelists (be they Apostles or otherwise) is Scripture.
Finally, I don’t think that it’s “ironic” that Scripture is God-breathed. There were Scriptures at the time of Jesus: most of the modern Bible. If Jesus intended to leave us with just more inspired books, He could have done that. But He doesn’t write a single word of Scripture, and He doesn’t instruct anyone else to do so. Instead, He creates a visible, structured Church, and sends it to go spread the Gospel to the ends of the earth, and promises to be with it until the end of time.
In Christ,
Joe
“You’re making three claims: that the successors of Peter can’t (1) remember anything Jesus said not otherwise recorded…”
Never made that claim. I made the claim that we have nothing recorded outside of Scripture that we have any certainty really comes from the Apostles. That’s a very different claim.
“(2) authoritatively interpret doctrines;”
Sure, they can interpret Scriptures. To do so authoritatively? The Scripture does not say that and in fact, the church fathers do not even say that. Augustine explicitly says even councils err. So, this is a somewhat newer invention.
“(3) invent new doctrines.”
No, the Apostles cannot invent new doctrines, I’d imagine you’d affirm that.
“[I’m ignoring the substitutionary atonement claim, because it’s wrong but complicated in a way likely to just be distracting.].”
Not really. It shows that in reality, Catholicism is like Pentecostalism in the sense that they can come up with new revelation. It is a fact that the satisfaction theory of atonement lacks explict Biblical and traditional support. The Catholic encyclopedia even says so. The teaching authority of the church at present is beyond that of the Scripture and earlier church. It is an unavoidable conclusion given how they treat doctrines such as the satisfaction model (which is not by necessity wrong, but as I said, lacking in explicit Biblical and traditional support.)
“Of these, (1) and (3) are obviously true…”
Wait, you affirm number 1, that the Apostles cannot remember anything? I don’t even think Protestants make that claim. I think I am mistaking what you are saying or you misspoke.
“But (2) is false. What would be the point of sending the Spirit of Truth forever if He stopped being able to resolve conflicts after one generation?”
You have a presupposition here: that the Spirit not only solves conflicts, but prevents the existence of them and any confusion in between. This was not even true when the New Testament was being written, let alone afterwards. Even when Jesus was around He taught, “Whoever is not against us is for us” (Luke 9:50) in reference to someone who was not in communion explictly with the Apostles but was doing works in Christ’s name. So, I think your presupposition actually contradicts Scripture and it is a misapplication of what Irenaeus taught in Against Heresies Book III.
“The Scriptures aren’t, though: we also have the Church.”
Again, the Scripture does not say that everything that comes out of the church is God breathed, and in fact, corrects some of the things men in the church were doing and warns them that they will fall into error. Even Catholic dogma is that not everything a Pope says is God breathed. Augustine said that not everything a council says is God breathed. Only the Scripture makes that claim for itself.
Would you like to say which statements of the church are God breathed? WOuld you like to include the CCC with that?
“Remember that at least 6 of the 12 never write a word of Scripture, and that about half of the New Testament Books are written by people (like Paul, Mark, and Luke) who weren’t Apostles.”
Why in the Book of Revelation, some of the 12 tribes are not represented? Couldn’t tell you.
“But He doesn’t write a single word of Scripture, and He doesn’t instruct anyone else to do so.”
But He makes the promise in John 14 that He will bring into remembrance what He taught. This is what we find in the New Testament.
God bless,
Craig
“Never made that claim. I made the claim that we have nothing recorded outside of Scripture that we have any certainty really comes from the Apostles. That’s a very different claim.”
I was referring to this claim: “The Holy Spirit does not vest a body of men who weren’t there to remember anything Jesus had said, to authoritatively interpret doctrines and come up with new ones (i.e. satisfaction view of atonement–not Biblical, nor traditional.).” That’s where I’m drawing the three points you appear to be making. But if I’m misunderstanding the part I’ve bolded, I apologize.
“Wait, you affirm number 1, that the Apostles cannot remember anything? I don’t even think Protestants make that claim. I think I am mistaking what you are saying or you misspoke.”
No, I’m dealing with the “successors of Peter.” Again, I’m responding to your claim that post-Apostolic sources can’t legitimately “remember” or invent new doctrines. The faith is delivered once for all to the Apostles (Jude 3), even though our understanding of it deepens over time.
This is also why, contra your assertions here, there’s a principled difference between (a) increasing our understanding of revelation, and (b) receiving new revelation. You seem to implicitly concede this when you acknowledge that something like the Catholic views on atonement can be true even if they don’t have explicit Scriptural or early Traditional support. You wouldn’t, I think, concede this if you thought it was really a matter of post-Apostolic revelation, since I think we both reject that.
“You have a presupposition here: that the Spirit not only solves conflicts, but prevents the existence of them and any confusion in between.”
I don’t make that presupposition, nor do I believe that. The whole reason that we need a Spirit-protected adjudication mechanism is that such conflicts will necessarily arise, as St. Paul says. If the Church is to be One (as Jesus and St. Paul also say) then there needs to be some way of resolving these disputes when they arise in such a way that all involved can trust the outcome.
“But He makes the promise in John 14 that He will bring into remembrance what He taught. This is what we find in the New Testament.”
This argument is circular: you’re starting and concluding that all of revelation is Scripture because Scripture contains all of revelation. But Scripture doesn’t teach this (which would be enough to defeat this argument), and actually seems to teach the opposite. John 21:25, “But there are also many other things which Jesus did; were every one of them to be written, I suppose that the world itself could not contain the books that would be written.”
Besides that, Jesus says that the Holy Spirit will guide the Church into all truth forever, not “until you finish writing the New Testament.”
I.X.,
Joe
-John 21:25, “But there are also many other things which Jesus did; were every one of them to be written, I suppose that the world itself could not contain the books that would be written”
That does not mean these other things were of vital importance that their details needed to be remembered. God has His reasons.
“Besides that, Jesus says that the Holy Spirit will guide the Church into all truth forever, not “until you finish writing the New Testament.””
But the Bible does not say that, Jesus makes the promise to the Apostles that they would remember what He taught them, hence “all truth.” The word “Church” and “forever” is not there.
Speaking of John 14….He did promise the spirit to them forever guiding them in truth.
John 14:16-17
16 And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Counselor, to be with you for ever,
17 even the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him; you know him, for he dwells with you, and will be in you.
2 Tim 14-17: “But you, remain faithful to what you have learned and believed, because you know from whom you learned it, and that from infancy you have known (the) sacred scriptures, which are capable of giving you wisdom for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, for refutation, for correction, and for training in righteousness, so that one who belongs to God may be competent, equipped for every good work.”
If Timothy has known the sacred scriptures from birth, obviously Paul was referring to the Old Testament, since the New Testament didn’t yet exist. Furthermore, Paul doesn’t specify the “all” with regard to the canon of the Old Testament. Finally, he says it’s useful only and never says its adequate on its own to make one competent and equipped. The “may” gives the sense that there’s more to it if you really are to be competent and equipped. Lastly, the very letter is an example of Paul giving instruction independent of Old Testament scripture. You can bet that most of the instruction he gave Timothy was verbal and by example.
This argument really doesn’t help you. What you are essentially saying is that the Bible is not equipped to help us do “all good works” by saying, “Well, how can that be true, the New Testament did not exist yet!”
The New Testament not existing does not abrogate what Paul said! If you want to be really technical, all you need is the Old Testament then…it doesn’t really change anything. All the New Testament does is help us correctly understand what the Old Testament was teaching all along anyway.
“All the New Testament does is help us correctly understand what the Old Testament was teaching all along anyway.”
Are you denying that the New Testament contains information not previously found in the Old Testament? Hebrews 1:1-3 denies this, as does a basic understanding of Christianity.
That’s the problem with this ahistorical misinterpretation of 2 Timothy: it would lead to a “sola Scriptura” that treats the New Testament as irrelevant or, at least, as nothing new.
I don’t think I can reply here as much as I like, I have time commitments closing in plus my wife dropping a few hints not to “argue” so much.
Perhaps she is right, but let me just say that I think you are misunderstanding the point that Paul is making in Heb 1. It is not about the insufficiency of Old Testament Scripture (as he proves his point FROM Old Testament Scripture), but the insufficiency of the Law and the Priesthood, which the literal meaning of the Old Testament might otherwise have us gravitate towards. As Paul shows, from the Old Testament, the Law and Priesthood are insufficient and the New Covenant was promised. The idea you can take a verse that plainly says the Scripture is sufficient for all good works (2 Tim 3:16-17) and try to spin any other interpretation of what the Canon was Paul had in mind is irrelevant. Whatever Canon Paul had in mind, which my opinion was the whole of it but that’s irrelevant, it’s sufficient. To say that it isn’t is to purposely dispute with Paul in order to say that we need more revelation outside of the Scripture to get the whole story. Clearly, this is not what Paul was saying.
On a side note, 2 Clem 17, 1 Clem 1, 44, 47, 54, 55, and 57 all address there being multiple presbyters. In 1 Clem 1, he writes that “we” wrote the letter, which reflects a plurality in Rome. I have read Catholic sources that concede this fact, as well as a Catholic commenter on my website. So, no, I am not alone on this.
I don’t have the time to go through ignatius. Sorry 🙁
Hopefully I have more time to consider your responses thoroughly.
GOd bless,
Craig
Craig,
I respect your priorities, and your wife sounds like a wise woman. If it helps, feel free to let her know that I (and I suspect many others) appreciate your contributions, even when they’re in the form of argumentation.
“Iron sharpens iron, and one man sharpens another” (Proverbs 27:17).
Joe
I’ll let her know 🙂 Spending all evening worrying about where my sister was and reading antiochene liturgies might not be the funnest thing in the world for her. Which is why I try to make time for day trips and the like, but also worship and devotion. But, 1 Cor 7 does show that in the end of the day, I cannot devote the time to study that a celibates would and I need to come to grips with that. This is why when I hear Catholics hope that “the Pope will get rid of that celibacy thing” it makes me slap my head. There is a point to it you know!
That’s not what I said. I agree Paul said it’s helpful to equip you, but I disagree that he said it’s sufficient…that’s what you’re reading into it. Paul’s reference to scripture in this case is the Old Testament, presumably the Septuagint. At the time his letter is an example of providing guidance beyond the Old Testament scripture and that would have been a supplement to much more extensive instruction by verbal word and deed. Similarly the Bereans would have been looking at the Old Testament only to validate to the extent possible everything new he brought to them verbally regarding Jesus.
I always thought the saying “Iron sharpens Iron” was from the Bible thanks for pointing that out. Great site keep up the good work.
Craig said: “The Scripture is the only thing that we have today that actually comes from the Apostles in which Jesus promised that the Holy Spirit would bring in remembrance all that He taught. Ironically, the Scripture also describes itself as “God breathed” and can “equip the man of God for every good work” (2 Tim 3:16-17). I am unaware of any body of men or their writings that meets this standard.”
——
Craig, who told you that the Scriptures you have now were indeed written by the Apostles? As far as I know, none of the original authors are still alive today to tell you that. And none of their original writings exist. We only have copies of copies. If you believe the Bible is apostolic because the Bible says so then your reasoning is not sound… It is round, as in circular.
If it weren’t for the Catholic Church, you won’t have even have a single Biblical verse to talk about…
You might be reading Jewish midrash, or the Gospel of Judas, or the Quran, or the Shapuragan… But not the Bible. What makes a specific religious text Biblical is because the Catholic Church says so. Not even the Jews have that authority. Remember the Church is the “pillar and ground of the truth” (1 Timothy 3:15). And the Catholic Church is true because Jesus himself built it. Whatever the Catholic Church binds or looses on earth is bound or loosed in heaven.
If the Catholic Church were true because the Bible says so, then it would be protestant, not Catholic. It would refute itself. It would no longer be the pillar and ground of truth, just as none of the self-dividing, self-refuting sola scriptura sects resemble a pillar of truth.
Therefore, it is not true that the Scriptures are the only thing we have that came from the Apostles. The Apostles built the Church as Christ commanded them. They gave us the pillar and ground of truth. That is what they handed over to us. Once the Church was established then, and only then, did the writing of scriptures began. Look up Paul’s epistles. He never wrote until he had planted churches first. The Bible came from the Church, the Church did not come from the Bible.
Now if you believe the Bible to be inspired of God, it is because God first inspired the Catholic Church. The Bible’s natural habitat is the Catholic Church. For the sake of your soul, please don’t read the Bible outside the mind and inspiration of the Catholic Church. It won’t work…
I came back to Catholicism because the bible does not support the doctrines of justification by faith and the sufficiency of the bible. Faith is an important part, but It is love manifested in works which saves. As to the bible, Christ said he was the Truth. Protestants seem to substitute the bible for Christ as their first principal. The traditions of the Church and the Mass are at least as important as the bible. Well written article!
God Bless
No, St.Josaphat did not die in vain. He was doing the Lord’s will. Trying to convert heretics. Just like St.Francis De Sales.
This is because people need to convert to Catholicism in order to be saved. It’s a Catholic Dogma that ALL non-Catholics go to Hell. It would be pointless to preach if there were salvation outside the Church.
Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence, “Cantate Domino,” 1441, Ex Cathedra: “The Holy Roman Church firmly believes, professes and preaches that all those who are outside the Catholic Church, not only pagans but also Jews or heretics and schismatics, cannot share in eternal life and will go into the everlasting fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels, unless they are joined to the Church before the end of their lives… and that nobody can be saved, no matter how much he has given away in alms and even if he has shed blood in the name of Christ, unless he has persevered in the bosom and unity of the Catholic Church.”
Catechism of Pope Pius X
29 Q. But if a man through no fault of his own is outside the Church, can he be saved?
A. If he is outside the Church through no fault of his, that is, if he is in good faith, and if he has received Baptism, or at least has the implicit desire of Baptism; and if, moreover, he sincerely seeks the truth and does God’s will as best he can such a man is indeed separated from the body of the Church, but is united to the soul of the Church and consequently is on the way of salvation
Pope Pius IX encyclical letter to the Bishops
There are, of course, those who are struggling with invincible ignorance about our most holy religion. Sincerely observing the natural law and its precepts inscribed by God on all hearts and ready to obey God, they live honest lives and are able to attain eternal life by the efficacious virtue of divine light and grace
I agree with Extra Ecclesium Nallus Sallum but that doesnt necessarily mean all non Catholics are damned
@dineth
You said:
‘I agree with Extra Ecclesium Nallus Sallum but that doesnt necessarily mean all non Catholics are damned’
Then you reject Catholic Dogma, The Catholic Church teaches that only baptized Catholics who die in a state of grace are saved.
The “Catechism” attributed to Pope St.Pius X is not infallible and contradicts itself:
The Catechism of Pope St. Pius X, The Apostles’ Creed, “The Church in Particular,” Q. 27: “Q. Can one be saved outside the Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Church? A. No, no one can be saved outside the Catholic, Apostolic Roman Church, just as no one could be saved from the flood outside the Ark of Noah, which was a figure of the Church.”
But then 2 questions later it repeats what you posted!
This “Catechism” was only approved for Italy.
And that quote by Pope Pius IX is worthless, it was simply a speech addressed to the Cardinals and bishops of Italy.
Here is the actual quote:
Pope Pius IX, Quanto Conficiamur Moerore: “And here, beloved Sons and Venerable Brothers, We should mention again and censure a very grave error in which some Catholics are unhappily engaged, who believe that men living in error, and separated from the true faith and from Catholic unity, can attain eternal life. Indeed, this is certainly quite contrary to Catholic teaching. It is known to us and to you that they who labor in invincible ignorance of our most holy religion AND WHO ZEALOUSLY KEEPING THE NATURAL LAW AND ITS PRECEPTS ENGRAVED IN THE HEARTS OF ALL BY GOD, AND BEING READY TO OBEY GOD, LIVE AN HONEST AND UPRIGHT LIFE, can, by the OPERATING POWER OF DIVINE LIGHT AND GRACE, attain eternal life since God…will by no means suffer anyone to be punished with eternal torment who has not the guilt of deliberate sin.”
First, notice that Pope Pius IX specifically condemns the idea that a man “living in error and separated from the true Faith” can be saved. What, may I ask, is the idea of salvation for the “invincibly ignorant”? Why, of course, it is the idea that a man living in error and separated from the true Faith can be saved. So, the very concept of salvation for the “invincibly ignorant” is condemned as QUITE CONTRARY TO CATHOLIC TEACHING in this very document of Pope Pius IX.
Second, notice again that Pope Pius IX does not say anywhere that the invincibly ignorant can be saved where they are. Rather, he is reiterating that the ignorant, if they cooperate with God’s grace, keep the natural law and respond to God’s call, they can by God’s “operating power of divine light and grace” [being enlightened by the truth of the Gospel] attain eternal life, since God will certainly bring all of his elect to the knowledge of the truth and into the Church by baptism. According to the specific definition of Sacred Scripture, “divine light” is the Gospel truth of Jesus Christ (the Catholic Faith) which removes the ignorant from darkness.
Ephesians 5:8 “For you were heretofore darkness, but now light in the Lord. Walk then as children of the light.”
1 Thess. 5:4-5 “But you, brethren [believers], are not in darkness… For all you are the children of the light.”
ALL who die as non-Catholics are lost, and the majority of Catholics are condemned as well because they die in mortal sin.
1 St.Peter 4:18 “And if the just man shall scarcely be saved, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear?”
Pope St. Pius X, Acerbo Nimis (#2), April 15, 1905: “And so Our Predecessor, Benedict XIV, had just cause to write: ‘We declare that a great number of those who are condemned to eternal punishment suffer that everlasting calamity because of ignorance of those mysteries of faith which must be known and believed in order to be numbered among the elect.'”
2 Corinthians 4:3-4 “And if our gospel be also hid, it is hid to them that are lost, In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of unbelievers, that the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not shine unto them.”
St. Alphonsus: “See also the special love which God has shown you in bringing you into life in a Christian country, and in the bosom of the Catholic or true Church. How many are born among the pagans, among the Jews, among the Mohometans and heretics, and all are lost.” [Sermons of St. Alphonsus Liguori, Tan Books, 1982, p. 219.]
See also this short video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMwMi97qNIc
Those non Catholics who are saved are united tp the soul of the church so they are not outside the Church. “living in error and separated from the true Faith” by this he obviosuly means those who reject the Church, it is obvious from the quote that Pope Pius IX that he was teaching what the Church still teaches.. The site you linked to was schismatic. I can show you the same thing in the Baltimore Catechism 4
121 Q. Are all bound to belong to the Church?
A. All are bound to belong to the Church, and he who knows the Church to
be the true Church and remains out of it, cannot be saved.
Anyone who knows the Catholic religion to be the true religion and will
not embrace it cannot enter into Heaven. If one not a Catholic doubts
whether the church to which he belongs is the true Church, he must
settle his doubt, seek the true Church, and enter it; for if he
continues to live in doubt, he becomes like the one who knows the true
Church and is deterred by worldly considerations from entering it.
In like manner one who, doubting, fears to examine the religion he
professes lest he should discover its falsity and be convinced of the
truth of the Catholic faith, cannot be saved.
Suppose, however, that there is a non-Catholic who firmly believes that
the church to which he belongs is the true Church, and who has
never–even in the past–had the slightest doubt of that fact–what will
become of him?
If he was validly baptized and never committed a mortal sin, he will be
saved; because, believing himself a member of the true Church, he was
doing all he could to serve God according to his knowledge and the
dictates of his conscience. But if ever he committed a mortal sin, his
salvation would be very much more difficult. A mortal sin once committed
remains on the soul till it is forgiven. Now, how could his mortal sin
be forgiven? Not in the Sacrament of Penance, for the Protestant does
not go to confession; and if he does, his minister–not being a true
priest–has no power to forgive sins. Does he know that without
confession it requires an act of perfect contrition to blot out mortal
sin, and can he easily make such an act? What we call contrition is
often only imperfect contrition–that is, sorrow for our sins because we
fear their punishment in Hell or dread the loss of Heaven. If a
Catholic–with all the instruction he has received about how to make an
act of perfect contrition and all the practice he has had in making such
acts–might find it difficult to make an act of perfect contrition after
having committed a mortal sin, how much difficulty will not a Protestant
have in making an act of perfect contrition, who does not know about
this requirement and who has not been taught to make continued acts of
perfect contrition all his life. It is to be feared either he would not
know of this necessary means of regaining God’s friendship, or he would
be unable to elicit the necessary act of perfect contrition, and thus
the mortal sin would remain upon his soul and he would die an enemy of
God.
If, then, we found a Protestant who never committed a mortal sin after
Baptism, and who never had the slightest doubt about the truth of his
religion, that person would be saved; because, being baptized, he is a
member of the Church, and being free from mortal sin he is a friend of
God and could not in justice be condemned to Hell. Such a person would
attend Mass and receive the Sacraments if he knew the Catholic Church to
be the only true Church.
No such thing as ‘soul of the Church’. This is pure modernism.
A man can be either inside the Church or outside the Church. He can be either inside or outside the Body. There isn’t a third realm in which the Church exists – an invisible Soul of the Church. Those who say that one can be saved by belonging to the Soul of the Church, while not belonging to her Body, deny the undivided unity of the Church’s Body and Soul, which is parallel to denying the undivided unity of Christ’s Divine and Human natures.
Pope Leo XIII, Satis Cognitum (# 3), June 29, 1896: “For this reason the Church is so often called in Holy Writ a body, and even the body of Christ… From this it follows that those who arbitrarily conjure up and picture to themselves a hidden and invisible Church are in grievous and pernicious error… It is assuredly impossible that the Church of Jesus Christ can be the one or the other, as that man should be a body alone or a soul alone. The connection and union of both elements is as absolutely necessary to the true Church as the intimate union of the soul and body is to human nature. The Church is not something dead: it is the body of Christ endowed with supernatural life.”
Pope Eugene IV, in his famous Bull Cantate Domino, defined that the unity of the ecclesiastical body (ecclesiastici corporis) is so strong that no one can be saved outside of it, even if he sheds his blood in the name of Christ. This destroys the idea that one can be saved by belonging to the Soul of the Church without belonging to its Body.
Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence, “Cantate Domino,” 1441, Ex Cathedra: “The Holy Roman Church firmly believes, professes, and proclaims that none of those existing outside the Catholic Church, not only pagans, but also Jews, heretics and schismatics can become participants in eternal life, but they will depart ‘into everlasting fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels’ [Matt. 25:41], unless before the end of life they have been added to the flock; and that the unity of this ecclesiastical body (ecclesiastici corporis) is so strong that only for those who abide in it are the sacraments of the Church of benefit for salvation, and do fasts, almsgiving, and other functions of piety and exercises of a Christian soldier produce eternal rewards. No one, whatever almsgiving he has practiced, even if he has shed blood for the name of Christ, can be saved, unless he has persevered within the bosom and unity of the Catholic Church.”
This definition of Pope Eugene IV demolishes the “Soul of the Church Heresy.” Pope Pius XI destroys it as well.
Pope Pius XI, Mortalium Animos (# 10), Jan. 6, 1928: “For since the mystical body of Christ, in the same manner as His physical body, is one, compacted and fitly joined together, it were foolish and out of place to say that the mystical body is made up of members which are disunited and scattered abroad: whosoever therefore is not united with the body is no member of it, neither is he in communion with Christ its head.”
You said: “…a Protestant who never committed a mortal sin after
Baptism”
Do you realize what you wrote?
All Protestants are heretics and are in a state of damnation!
The Catholic Church infallibly teaches:
Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, Nov. 18, 1302, Ex Cathedra:
“With Faith urging us we are forced to believe and to hold the one, holy, Catholic Church and that, apostolic, and we firmly believe and simply confess this Church outside of which there is no salvation nor remission of sin… Furthermore, we declare, say, define, and proclaim to every human creature that they by absolute necessity for salvation are entirely subject to the Roman Pontiff.”
Only baptized Catholics are subject to the Roman Pontiff:
Pope Julius III, Council of Trent, On the Sacraments of Baptism and Penance, Sess. 14, Chap. 2, Ex Cathedra: “… the Church exercises judgment on no one who has not previously entered it by the gate of baptism. For what have I to do with those who are without (1 Cor. 5:12), says the Apostle. It is otherwise with those of the household of the faith, whom Christ the Lord by the laver of baptism has once made ‘members of his own body’ (1 Cor. 12:13).”
The site is not schismatic, you don’t know what you’re talking about. See the following video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExBmJ4B4840
Pope Leo XIII is referring to people who say there is an ivnisible Church which I dont. I agree the Church is visible. There is no 3rd realm I agree, the Church is not hidden and invisible.
Catechism of Pope Pius X (who fought modernism)
22 Q. In what does the Soul of the Church consist?
A. The Soul of the Church consists in her internal and spiritual endowments, that is, faith, hope, charity, the gifts of grace and of the Holy Ghost, together with all the h
eavenly treasures which are hers through the merits of our Redeemer, Jesus Christ, and of the Saints.
. I agree with Pope Eugene IV, he was talking of those who refuse to join the Church. I dont believe people can be saved outside the Church so by quoting the Council of Florence, you aren’t disproving the Church’s teaching also notice this
“unless before the end of life they have been added to the flock” which is done by baptism then look at the other statemetns on baptism of desire (whether baptism is desired implicitly or explicitly) . Your quote from Mortalium Animos I also agree with the Church is one and visible not disunited and seperated.
A protestant can choose not commit a mortal sin, some of the Saints never did, there is a dsitinction between formal and material heresy. also in your view is a protestant 5 year olds is in mortal sin? Again I agree with Unam Sanctum, but those imperfectly in communion with the Church are subject to the Roman Pontiff
I agree with the Council of Trent baptism is necessary for salvation. the Council also stated “And this translation, since the promulgation of the Gospel, cannot be effected…without the laver of regeneration, OR THE DESIRE THEREOF, as it is written; unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter into the Kingdom of God.”
also
Letter of the Holy Office to Archbishop Cushing of Boston, approved by Pope Pius XII, August 8, 1949: “The Supreme Pontiff, His Holiness, Pope Pius XII, has given full approval to this decision”.
Therefore, that one may obtain eternal salvation, it is not always required that he be incorporated into the Church actually as a member, but it is necessary that at least he be united to her by desire and longing. However, this desire need not always be explicit, as it is in catechumens; but when a person is involved in invincible ignorance God accepts also an implicit desire, so called because it is included in that good disposition of soul whereby a person wishes his will to be conformed to the will of God. These things are clearly taught in that dogmatic letter which was issued by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pope Pius XII, on June 29, 1943, “On the Mystical Body of Jesus Christ” (AAS, Vol. 35, an. 1943, p. 193 ff.). For in this letter the Sovereign Pontiff clearly distinguishes between those who are actually incorporated into the Church as members, and those who are united to the Church only by desire.
Also what I quoted in my 2nd post was from the Baltimore Catechism 4, it was approved by american bishops of the 19th century.
VaticanCatholic.com is sedevancantist.
@dineth
Did you not read what i wrote regarding the “Catechism” attributed to Pope St.Pius X?
It was specifically approved for Italy and its title is:
Catechismo Della Dottrina Cristiana (1912)
And it contradicts itself, you reject the the necessity of water baptism:
Pope Paul III, The Council of Trent, canons on the Sacrament of Baptism, canon 5, Ex Cathedra: “If anyone says that baptism is optional, that is, not necessary for salvation (cf. Jn. 3:5): let him be anathema.”
Now the “Catechism” that modernists love to quote says:
The Catechism of Pope St. Pius X, The Sacraments, “Baptism,” Q. 16: “Q. Is Baptism necessary to salvation? A. Baptism is absolutely necessary to salvation, for Our Lord has expressly said: ‘Unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter into the Kingdom of God.'”
Then it contradicts itself, this is a fallible catechism that contains errors like many of the other modernist “catechisms”.
You said:
‘I agree with Pope Eugene IV, he was talking of those who refuse to join the Church. I dont believe people can be saved outside the Church so by quoting the Council of Florence, you aren’t disproving the Church’s teaching also notice this
“unless before the end of life they have been added to the flock” which is done by baptism then look at the other statemetns on baptism of desire (whether baptism is desired implicitly or explicitly)’
You’re condemned by the Vatican Council and Pope St.Pius X for your heretical interpretation of the Council of Florence. Pope Eugene was not referring to those ‘who refuse to join the Church’ but EVERYONE who is outside the Church:
Pope Pius IX, First Vatican Council, Sess. 3, Chap. 2 on Revelation, 1870, Ex Cathedra: “Hence, also, that understanding of its sacred dogmas must be perpetually retained, which Holy Mother Church has once declared; and there must never be a recession from that meaning under the specious name of a deeper understanding.”
Pope Pius X, Lamentabile, The Errors of the Modernists, July 3, 1907, #22: “The dogmas which the Church professes as revealed are not truths fallen from heaven, but they are a kind of interpretation of religious facts, which the human mind by a laborious effort prepared for itself.” – Condemned
You said:
‘A protestant can choose not commit a mortal sin, some of the Saints never did, there is a dsitinction between formal and material heresy. also in your view is a protestant 5 year olds is in mortal sin? Again I agree with Unam Sanctum, but those imperfectly in communion with the Church are subject to the Roman Pontiff’
A Protestant is a heretic and in a state of damnation, a material heretic is still a Catholic. A material heretic is a Catholic erring in good faith.
St. Alphonsus, Preparation For Death, (c. +1760):”How thankful we ought to be to Jesus Christ for the gift of faith! What would have become of us if we had been born in Asia, Africa, America, or in the midst of heretics and schismatics? He who does not believe is lost.”
Pope Gregory XVI, Summo Iugiter Studio (# 2), May 27, 1832: “Finally some of these misguided people attempt to persuade themselves and others that men are not saved only in the Catholic religion, but that even heretics may attain eternal life.”
You honestly don’t even know what you’re saying:
‘also in your view is a protestant 5 year olds is in mortal sin?’
According to your statement, the kid already hit the age of reason and is a heretic so yes, he is outside the body of Christ and in a state of damnation.
Now if you’re asking me if a VALIDLY baptized child who is 5 years old and born of Protestant parents is a heretic or not. If the kid reached the age of reason and rejected an article of Faith, then yes he’s outside the Church.
Pope Leo XIII, Satis Cognitum (#9), June 29, 1896: “No one who merely disbelieves in all these (heresies) can for that reason regard himself as a Catholic or call himself one. For there may be or arise some other heresies, which are not set out in this work of ours, and if anyone holds to a single one of these he is not a Catholic.”
You said:
‘I agree with the Council of Trent baptism is necessary for salvation. the Council also stated “And this translation, since the promulgation of the Gospel, cannot be effected…without the laver of regeneration, OR THE DESIRE THEREOF, as it is written; unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter into the Kingdom of God.’
Trent is not teaching baptism of desire, it mentions the word desire because Catholics during this period were baptizing people (specifically Jews) by force. Forced baptisms are invalid.
Pope Paul III, The Council of Trent, canons on the Sacrament of Baptism, canon 5, Ex Cathedra: “If anyone says that baptism [the sacrament] is optional, that is, not necessary for salvation (cf. Jn. 3:5): let him be anathema.”
Pope Paul III, The Council of Trent, canons on the Sacrament of Baptism, Session 7, canon 2, Ex Cathedra: “If anyone shall say that real and natural water is not necessary for baptism, and on that account those words of Our Lord Jesus Christ: ‘Unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Spirit’ [John 3:5], are distorted into some sort of metaphor: let him be anathema.”
Regarding the abominable letter you quoted going against Father Feeney. Protocol 122/49 was not published in the Acts of the Apostolic See (Acta Apostolicae Sedis) but in The Pilot, the news organ for the Archdiocese of Boston. Keep in mind that this letter was published in Boston.
The absence of Protocol 122/49 from the Acts of the Apostolic See proves that it has no binding character; that is to say, Protocol 122/49 is not an infallible or binding teaching of the Catholic Church. Protocol 122/49 was not signed by Pope Pius XII either, and has the authority of a correspondence of two Cardinals (Marchetti-Selvaggiani who wrote the letter, and Cardinal Ottaviani who also signed it) to one “archbishop”.
Even the modernist Msgr. Joseph Clifford Fenton, the well known editor of The American Ecclesiastical Review before Vatican II, who defended Protocol 122/49, was forced to admit that it’s not infallible:
Msgr. Joseph Clifford Fenton, The Catholic Church and Salvation, 1958, p. 103: “This letter, known as Suprema haec sacra [Protocol 122/49]… is an authoritative [sic], though obviously not infallible, document. That is to say, the teachings contained in Suprema haec sacra are not to be accepted as infallibly true on the authority of this particular document.”
Compare the modernist document with what Pope Gregory XVI said:
Pope Gregory XVI, Summo Iugiter Studio, May 27, 1832, on no salvation outside the Church: “Finally some of these misguided people attempt to persuade themselves and others that men are not saved only in the Catholic religion, but that even heretics may attain eternal life… You know how zealously Our predecessors taught that article of faith which these dare to deny, namely the necessity of the Catholic faith and of unity for salvation… Omitting other appropriate passages which are almost numberless in the writings of the Fathers, We shall praise St. Gregory the Great who expressly testifies that THIS IS INDEED THE TEACHING OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. He says: ‘The holy universal Church teaches that it is not possible to worship God truly except in her and asserts that all who are outside of her will not be saved.’ Official acts of the Church proclaim the same dogma. Thus, in the decree on faith which Innocent III published with the synod of Lateran IV, these things are written: ‘There is one universal Church of all the faithful outside of which no one is saved.’ Finally the same dogma is also expressly mentioned in the profession of faith proposed by the Apostolic See, not only that which all Latin churches use, but also that which… other Eastern Catholics use. We did not mention these selected testimonies because We thought you were ignorant of that article of faith and in need of Our instruction. Far be it from Us to have such an absurd and insulting suspicion about you. But We are so concerned about this serious and well known dogma, which has been attacked with such remarkable audacity, that We could not restrain Our pen from reinforcing this truth with many testimonies.”
Also, notice that Pope Gregory XVI makes reference to the dogmatic definition of the Fourth Lateran Council to substantiate his position and literal understanding of the formula Outside the Church There is No Salvation.Throughout the whole document, Protocol 122/49 makes no reference to any of the dogmatic definitions on this topic.This is because Pope Gregory XVI, being a Catholic, knew that the only understanding of a dogma that exists is that which Holy Mother Church has once declared; while the authors of the Protocol, being heretics, did not believe that a dogma is to be understood exactly as it was once declared.That explains why Pope Gregory cited exactly what Holy Mother Church has once declared and the authors of the Protocol did not.
Pope Pius IX, First Vatican Council, Sess. 3, Chap. 4, On Faith and Reason: “Hence, also, that understanding of its sacred dogmas must be perpetually retained, which Holy Mother Church has once declared; and there must never be a recession from that meaning under the specious name of a deeper understanding.”
Since you reject the Catholic position of Sedevacantism, you support heresy.
Our Lady of La Salette, Sept. 19, 1846: “Rome will lose the Faith and become the seat of the Anti-Christ… the Church will be in eclipse.”
Sister Ludmilla of Prague (1250): “…one will also endeavor to prevent the Pope from exercising his sacred office, which will be a sign that the fall of Rome and the end of the world is near.” (Culleton, Reign of Antichrist, p. 131).
Fr. Sylvester Berry, The Church of Christ (1927), p. 119: “Satan will imitate the Church of Christ to deceive mankind; he will set up a church of Satan in opposition to the Church of Christ.”
St.Luke 18:8- “But yet the Son of man, when he cometh, shall he find, think you, faith on Earth?”
Vatican II was a diabolical revolution against Christ and His Church.
The Masonic council Vatican II taught heresies and abominable novelties that were condemned by the Catholic Church such as:
Religious liberty, ecumenism, collegiality, salvation outside the Church, Muslims worship the Catholic God etc…
The modern day ‘Church’ in Rome IS NOT THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, but the prophesied end times counter-church also known as the Harlot of Babylon. Which is why you see all the anti-popes ‘praying’ and praising every false religion.
You are not staying with the Catholic Church or being faithful to its authority by staying with the apostate anti-pope Francis and the heretical Vatican II sect. You are staying with a building and aligning yourself with a non-Catholic sect. The Catholic Church is not a building, but is composed of the true faithful. Heretics are not part of the Catholic Church. PLEASE watch this video:
Michael Matt, False Traditionalism & The Church In The End Times
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8VGiB9xakQ
The Catechism of Pope Pius X does not contradict itself as I already said. Nowhere did I say baptism is not necessary. Yes Eugene IV was referring to everyone outside the Church, but a person can be united to the Church by desire. And I dont know why you are quoting anti-modernist things against me.
Also to commit a mortal sin one needs sufficient reflection which I’m sure that a 5 year old doesnt have esepecially since he hasnnt reached the age of reason. Also why does Trent say OR the desire thereof, NOT with the desire thereof.
Now on Baptism of desire:
“The sacrament of Baptism is said to be necessary for salvation in so far as man cannot be saved without, at least, Baptism of desire; “which, with God, counts for the deed. (Augustine, Enarr. in Ps. 57)” St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, Whether a man can be saved without Baptism?
“By which words, a description of the Justification of the impious is indicated,-as being a translation, from that state wherein man is born a child of the first Adam, to the state of grace, and of the adoption of the sons of God, through the second Adam, Jesus Christ, our Saviour. And this translation, since the promulgation of the Gospel, cannot be effected, without the laver of regeneration, or the desire thereof, as it is written; unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter into the Kingdom of God” Council of Trent, Sixth Session, Fourth Chapter, A description is introduced of the Justification of the impious, and of the Manner thereof under the law of grace.
“baptism of desire is perfect conversion to God by contrition or love of God above all things accompanied by an explicit or implicit desire for true baptism of water, the place of which it takes as to the remission of guilt, but not as to the impression of the [baptismal] character or as to the removal of all debt of punishment. It is called “of wind” [“flaminis”] because it takes place by the impulse of the Holy Ghost who is called a wind [“flamen”]. Now it is “de fide” that men are also saved by Baptism of desire, by virtue of the Canon Apostolicam, “de presbytero non baptizato” and of the Council of Trent” St. Alphonsus Ligouri’s Moral Theology Manual (15th century), Bk. 6, no. 95., Concerning Baptism
“Here, too, our beloved sons and venerable brothers, it is again necessary to mention and censure a very grave error entrapping some Catholics who believe that it is possible to arrive at eternal salvation although living in error and alienated from the true faith and Catholic unity. Such belief is certainly opposed to Catholic teaching. There are, of course, those who are struggling with invincible ignorance about our most holy religion. Sincerely observing the natural law and its precepts inscribed by God on all hearts and ready to obey God, they live honest lives and are able to attain eternal life by the efficacious virtue of divine light and grace. Because God knows, searches and clearly understands the minds, hearts, thoughts, and nature of all, his supreme kindness and clemency do not permit anyone at all who is not guilty of deliberate sin to suffer eternal punishments.” Encyclical On Promotion of False Doctrines (Quanto Conficiamur Moerore) by Pope Pius IX, 1863
“Baptism, the door and foundation of the Sacraments, in fact or at least in desire necessary unto salvation for all, is not validly conferred except through the ablution of true and natural water with the prescribed form of words.” (Canon 737)
“Those who have died without baptism are not to be given ecclesiastical burial. Catechumens who die without baptism through no fault of their own are to be counted among the baptized.” (Canon 1239) 1917 Code of Canon Law
“A person outside the Church by his own fault, and who dies without perfect contrition, will not be saved. But he who finds himself outside without fault of his own, and who lives a good life, can be saved by the love called charity, which unites unto God, and in a spiritual way also to the Church, that is, to the soul of the Church.” Pope St. Pius X, Catechism of Christian Doctrine
“17 Q: Can the absence of Baptism be supplied in any other way?
A: The absence of Baptism can be supplied by martyrdom, which is called Baptism of Blood, or by an act of perfect love of God, or of contrition, along with the desire, at least implicit, of Baptism, and this is called Baptism of Desire.” Catechism of Pope St. Pius X, The Sacraments – Baptism, Necessity of Baptism and Obligations of the Baptized
“The Fathers and theologians frequently divide baptism into three kinds: the baptism of water (aquæ or fluminis), the baptism of desire (flaminis), and the baptism of blood (sanguinis). However, only the first is a real sacrament. The latter two are denominated baptism only analogically, inasmuch as they supply the principal effect of baptism, namely, the grace which remits sins. It is the teaching of the Catholic Church that when the baptism of water becomes a physical or moral impossibility, eternal life may be obtained by the baptism of desire or the baptism of blood” , Baptism
“The efficacy of this baptism of desire to supply the place of the baptism of water, as to its principal effect, is proved from the words of Christ. After He had declared the necessity of baptism (John, iii), He promised justifying grace for acts of charity or perfect contrition (John, xiv): “He that loveth Me, shall be loved of my Father: and I will love him and will manifest myself to him.” And again: “If any one love me, he will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him, and will make our abode with him.” Since these texts declare that justifying grace is bestowed on account of acts of perfect charity or contrition, it is evident that these acts supply the place of baptism as to its principal effect, the remission of sins” 1917 Catholic Encyclopedia, Baptism, Baptism of Desire
“The same doctrine is taught by Pope Innocent III (cap. Debitum, iv, De Bapt.), and the contrary propositions are condemned by Popes Pius V and Gregory XII, in proscribing the 31st and 33rd propositions of Baius.”
“We have already alluded to the funeral oration pronounced by St. Ambrose over the Emperor Valentinian II, a catechumen. The doctrine of the baptism of desire is here clearly set forth. St. Ambrose asks: “Did he not obtain the grace which he desired? Did he not obtain what he asked for? Certainly he obtained it because he asked for it.” St. Augustine (IV, De Bapt., xxii) and St. Bernard (Ep. Ixxvii, ad H. de S. Victore) likewise discourse in the same sense concerning the baptism of desire.”
Church Teaching, specifically on Baptism of Blood:
St. Cyprian (Ep. Ixxiii) speaks of “the most glorious and greatest baptism of blood” (sanguinis baptismus). St. Augustine (De Civ. Dei, XIII, vii) says: “When any die for the confession of Christ without having received the washing of regeneration, it avails as much for the remission of their sins as if they had been washed in the sacred font of baptism.”
Q. 651. What is Baptism of blood?
A. Baptism of blood is the shedding of one’s blood for the faith of Christ.
Q. 653. Is Baptism of desire or of blood sufficient to produce the effects of Baptism of water?
A. Baptism of desire or of blood is sufficient to produce the effects of the Baptism of water, if it is impossible to receive the Baptism of water. Baltimore Catechism
Also Mysti Corporis Christi makes a distinction between people united by desire and those who are formal members.
Our lady of La Salette said Rome not the Pope. Fr Sylvester Berry and Sister Ludmilla of Prague I dont think have been approved.
Also as a lay people what right do we have to decide if a Pope is heretic or not. Come back to the Church.
was the Baltimore Catechism also modernist according to you.
St Robert Bellarmine says
“there are those who belong to the soul [of the Church] and not the body, as [are] catechumens”
Also I’m not claiming that it isnt necessaty to join the Church. Anyone who rejects the Church knowing it is the true one cannot be saved until they do
ALso read what Vatican II actually said.
also how are you not reintrpring what Trent clearly said.
Now it is “de fide” that men are also saved by Baptism of desire, by virtue of the Canon Apostolicam, “de presbytero non baptizato” and of the Council of Trent” St. Alphonsus Ligouri’s Moral Theology Manual (15th century), Bk. 6, no. 95., Concerning Baptism. St Alphonus Linguori says DE FIDE.
Also I never claimed it was common for this to happn or that we dont need to evangelize others.